In 1952, the Kokusai Budoin, International Martial Arts Federation ( 国際武道院・国際武道連盟, Kokusai Budoin Kokusai Budo Renmei ?) (IMAF) was founded in Tokyo, Japan. In 1950 when the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai was reestablished and the practice of the Japanese martial disciplines took up their activities again, including iaido. Īs a result, the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai and its affiliates were disbanded by the Allies of World War II in the period 1945-1950. After the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, Japan agreed to an unconditional surrender on 15 August. On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor and declared war, bringing the US into World War II. After this initiative the modern forms of swordsmanship is organised in several iaido organisations. In 1932 DNBK officially approved and recognized the Japanese disciplin, iaido this year was the first time the term iaido appeared in Japan. was also an important contribution to the development of modern Japanese swordsmanship. "Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society") in Kyoto, Japan. The founding in 1895 of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) 大日本武徳会 (lit. History Early history (prior to the Meiji Restoration in 1868) read more in the article Iaijutsu.Īfter the collapse of the Japanese feudal system in 1868 the founders of the modern disciplines borrowed from the theory and the practice of classical disciplines as they had studied or practiced. This is a quick draw of the sword, accomplished by simultaneously drawing the sword from the saya and also moving the saya back in saya-biki. Most of the styles and schools do not practice tameshigiri, cutting techniques.Ī part of iaido, is nukitsuke. Some iaido schools, however, include kata performed in pairs. Iaido forms ( kata) are performed solitarily against one or more imaginary opponents. Because of this non-fighting aspect, and iaido's emphasis on precise, controlled, fluid motion, it is sometimes referred to as "moving Zen." Iaido does include competition in form of kata but does not use sparring of any kind. Multiple person kata exist within some schools of iaido, when iaidoka will usually use bokken for such kata practice. Seitei-gata techniques īecause iaido is practiced with a weapon, it is almost entirely practiced using forms, or kata. Iaido is a blend of the ethics of Confucianism, methods of Zen, the philosophical Taoism and aspects from bushido. The metaphysical aspects in iaido has been influence of several philosophical - and religious directions. Iaido is a reflection of the morals of the classical warrior and to build a spiritually harmonious person possessed of high intellect, sensitivity, and resolute will. Iaido is an intrinsic form of Japanese modern budo. Iaido emcompasses hundreds of styles of swordsmanship, all of which subscribe to non-combative aims and purposes. The term emerged from the general trend to replace the suffix -jutsu ( 術 ?) with -dō ( 道 ?) in Japanese martial arts in order to emphasize a philosophical or spiritual aspects of practice. The term 'iaido' approximately translates into English as "the way of mental presence and immediate reaction", and was popularized by Nakayama Hakudo. Last character, 道 is generally translated into English as the way. The secondary emphasis is on drawing the sword and responding to the sudden attack as quickly as possible (合). Thus the primary emphasis in 'iai' is on the psychological state of being present (居). The origin of the first two characters, iai ( 居合 ?), is believed to come from saying Tsune ni ite, kyu ni awasu ( 常に居て、急に合わす ?), that can be roughly translated as “being constantly (prepared), match/meet (the opposition) immediately”. The term 'iaido' appear in 1932 and consists of the kanji characters 居合道. Late Haruna Matsuo sensei (1925-2002) demonstrating Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu kata Ukenagashi 9 International Iaido Sport Competition.6 Kata under the respective iaido orgaisations.3 Moral and religions influence on iaido.